Archive for the ‘News’ Category
2012 has been a fascinating and stormy year for those of us in the search business. We’ve seen a raft of further acquisitions of commercial closed source search companies by bigger players, some convinced that what used to be called Enterprise Search is now a solution to Big Data (like Stephen Arnold we wonder what will succeed Big Data as the next marketing term – I love his phrase “In a quest for revenue, the vendors will wrap basic ideas in a cloud of unknowing”). One acquisition hasn’t gone so smoothly: Autonomy, bought by HP for a price that no-one in the search business thought was remotely sensible, has been accused of being oversold vapourware: this is a story that will continue to develop in 2013. If you want a great overview of the current market read Martin White’s latest research note.
Here in the slightly calmer waters of open source search, we’ve seen a huge rise in enquiries from often blue-chip companies, no longer needing persuasion that open source is a serious contender for even the largest search and content projects. Often these companies have considered large commercial solutions but are put off by both the price and high-pressure marketing tactics – in a world of reduced budgets you simply can’t sell magic beans for a pile of gold. We’ve also seen increased interest in related technologies such as machine learning and automatic categorisation – search really isn’t just about search any more.
At Flax we’re busier than we have ever been and we’re expected the trend to continue. We’re looking forward to running more Cambridge Search Meetups, visiting and helping organise conferences such as Enterprise Search Europe and Lucene Revolution, building our network of carefully chosen partners and of course working on exciting and cutting-edge development projects.
As the storms in our sector continue to rage overhead we’ll simply be getting on with what we do best, building effective search.
It hasn’t taken long for some of Autonomy’s rivals to attempt to capitalise on the recent bad PR around HP’s acquisition – OpenText has offered a ’software trade-in’, Recommind has offered a ‘trade-up’ and Swiss company RSD has offered a free license for their governance software to Autonomy customers. No word yet from Exalead, Oracle (Endeca), Microsoft (FAST) or any of the other big commercial search companies but I’m sure their salespeople are making the most of the situation.
Migrating a search engine from one technology to another is rarely trouble-free: data must be re-indexed, query architectures rewritten, integration with external systems re-done, relevancy checked…however with sufficient forethought it can be done successfully. We’ve just helped one client migrate from a commercial engine to Apache Solr in a matter of weeks: although at first glance Solr didn’t seem to support all of the features the commercial engine provided, it proved possible to simulate them using multiple queries and with careful design for scalability, query performance is comparable.
Choosing one closed source engine to replace another doesn’t remove the risk that future corporate mergers & acquisitions will cause exactly the same lack of confidence that is no doubt affecting Autonomy customers – or huge increases in license fees, a drop in the quality of available support or the end of the product line altogether – and we’ve heard of all of these effects over the last few years. Moving to an open source search engine gives you freedom and control of the future of the technology your business is reliant upon, with a wealth of options for migration assistance, development and support.
So here’s our offer – we’d be happy to talk, for free (by phone or face-to-face for customers within reach of our Cambridge offices), to any Autonomy customers considering migration and to help them consider the open source options (some of these even have the Bayesian, probabilistic search features Autonomy IDOL provides) – and together with our partners we can also provide a level of ongoing support comparable to any closed source vendor. We don’t have salespeople, we don’t have a product to sell you and you’ll be talking directly to experts with decades of experience implementing search – and there’s no obligation to take things any further. We’d simply like to offer an alternative (and we believe, safer) route to effective search.
I’m not going to comment on the various financial aspects of the recent news about HP’s write-down of the value of its Autonomy acquisition – others are able to do this far better than me – but I would urge anyone interested to re-read the documents Oracle released earlier this year. However, I am going to write about the IDOL technology itself (I’d also recommend Tony Byrne’s excellent post).
Autonomy’s ability to market its technology has never been in doubt: aggressive and fearless, it painted IDOL as unique and magical, able to understand the meaning of data in multiple forms. However, this has never been true; computers simply don’t understand ‘meaning’ like we do. IDOL’s foundation was just a search engine using Bayesian probabilistic ranking; although most other search technologies use the vector space model there are a few other examples of this approach: Muscat, a company founded a few years before and literally across the hall from Autonomy in a Cambridge incubator, grew to a £30m business with customers including Fujitsu and the Daily Telegraph newspaper. Sadly Muscat was a casualty of the dot-com years but it is where the founders of Flax first met and worked together on a project to build a half-billion-page web search engine.
Another even less well-known example is OmniQ, eventually acquired and subsequently shelved by Sybase. Digging in the archives reveals some familiar-sounding phrases such as “automatically capture and retrieve information based on concepts”.
Originally developed at Muscat, the open source library Xapian also uses Bayesian ranking and we’ve used this successfully to build systems for the Financial Times, Newspaper Licensing Agency and Tait Electronics. Recently, Apache Lucene/Solr version 4.0 has introduced the idea of ‘pluggable’ ranking models, with one option being the Bayesian BM25. It’s important to remember though that Bayesian ranking is only one way to approach a search problem and in many cases, simply unnecessary.
It certainly isn’t magic.
Something revolutionary has been happening recently in the UK government with regard to open source software, standards and data. Change has been promised before and some commentators have been (entirely correctly) cynical about the eventual result, but it seems that finally we have some concrete results. Not content with a public policy and procurement toolkit for open source software, the Cabinet Office today released a policy on open standards – and unlike many had feared, they have got it right.
Why do open standards matter? Anyone who has attempted to open a Word document of recent vintage in an older version of the same software will know how painful it can be. In the world of search we often have to be creative in how we extract data from proprietary, badly documented and inconsistent formats (get thee behind me, PDF!) – at Flax we came up with a novel method involving a combination of Microsoft’s IFilters and running Open Office as a server (you can download our Flax Filters as open source if you’d like to see how this works). If all else fails it is sometimes possible to extract strings from the raw binary data. However, we generally don’t have to preserve paragraphs, formatting and other specifics – and that is the kind of fine detail that often matters, especially in the government or legal arena. Certain companies have been downright obstructive in how they define their ’standards’ (and I use that word extremely loosely in this case). The same companies have been accused by many of trying to influence the Cabinet Office consultation process, introducing the badly defined FRAND concept. However, the consultation process has been carefully and correctly run and the eventual policy is clear and well written.
It will be very interesting to see how commercial closed source companies react to this policy – but in the meantime those of us in the open source camp should be cheered by the news that finally, after many false starts and setbacks, ‘open’ really does mean, well, ‘open’.
There’s no doubt that the search market has been in turmoil for many months now: traditional, closed source vendors are either frantically repositioning to avoid the ‘juggernaut that is Apache’s Solr/Lucene project’ or attempting to bore customers to death with Powerpoint. Our sources tell us that in the UK at least, sales of most closed source search engines have flatlined – not at all surprising when freely available alternatives exist. Luckily there are some parts of the sector with some energy: Attivio (with $34m of new funding to spend) and Lucidworks are still working hard on their search products, but even these rely heavily on an open source core.
Enter a company without any history or experience in the search market, Huddle, with a tired message about the death of Enterprise Search. I’m not entirely sure what the point of this article is, but apparently the lack of contextual information is the problem - “You have to do research in 50 places — email, Web, C-drives, the cloud, even inside people’s heads.”. I look forward to a brain-compatible indexing tool! There’s also the misassumption that what works for the wider consumer-focused Web will work for the enterprise – Amazon.com, Google and the iPad/iPhone are all namechecked. Enterprise data simply isn’t like web or consumer data – it’s characterised by rarity and unconnectedness rather than popularity and context.
Unfortunately in most enterprises simply sprinkling on social or collaborative features will not fix the most common search problems: a mishmash of unconnected legacy systems, unreliable and inconsistent metadata, a complex and untested security model (at least within the context of being able to search for everything, for example your bosses’ salary) and usually the lack of a dedicated team responsible for search. Enterprise Search is hard and few projects get beyond basic indexing of filestores and databases, let along adding in more people-focused features.
I couldn’t find much about search on Huddle’s website, but what I did find implied that information must first be extracted from existing legacy systems and stored centrally. If you can manage this, preserving a consistent metadata model, coping with legacy formats, preserving full security and coping with updates then search should be relatively simple to implement on the resulting central store; however the devil is as ever in the detail.
This morning the largest open source search project, Apache Lucene/Solr, released a new version with a raft of new features. We’ve been advising clients to consider version 4.0 for several months now, as the alpha and beta versions have become available, and we know of several already running this version on live sites. Here’s a few highlights:
- Solr Cloud – a collection of new features for scalability and high availability (either on your own servers or on the Cloud), integrating Apache Zookeeper for distributed configuration management.
- More NoSQL features in case you’re planning to use Solr as a primary data store, including a transaction log
- A new web administration interface (including Solr Cloud features)
- New spatial search features including polygon support
- General performance improvements across the board (for example, fuzzy queries are 1-200 times faster!)
- Lucene now has pluggable codecs for storing index data on disk – a potentially powerful technique for performance optimisation, we’ve already been experimenting with storing updatable fields in a NoSQL database
- Lucene now has pluggable ranking models, so you can for example use BM25 Bayesian ranking, previously only available in search engines such as HP Autonomy and the open source Xapian.
The new release has been several years in the making and is a considerable improvement on the previous 3.x version – related projects such as elasticsearch will also benefit. There’s also a new book, Solr in Action, just out to coincide with this release. Exciting times ahead!
Google have launched a new version of their search appliance this week – this is the GSA of course, not the Google Mini which was canned in summer 2012 (someone hasn’t told Google UK it seems – try buying one though).
Although there’s a raft of new features, most of them have been introduced by the GSA’s competitors over the last few years or are available as open source (entity recognition or document preview for example). The GSA is also not a particularly cheap option as commentators including Stephen Arnold have noticed: we’ve had clients tell us of six-figure license fees for reasonably sized collections of a few millions of documents – and that’s for two years, after which time you have to buy it again. Not surprisingly some people have migrated to other solutions.
However there’s another question that seems to have been missed by Google’s strategists: how a physical appliance can compete with cloud-based search. I can’t think of a single prospective client over the last year or so who hasn’t considered this latter option on both cost and scalability grounds (and we’ll shortly be able to talk about a very large client who have chosen this route). Although there may well be a hard core of GSA customers who want a real box in reassuring Google yellow, one wonders why Google haven’t considered a ‘virtual’ GSA to compete with Amazon’s CloudSearch amongst others.
It will be interesting to see if this version of the GSA is the last…
It’s now eleven years since we started Flax (initially as Lemur Consulting Ltd) in late July 2001, deciding to specialise in search application development with a focus on open source software. At the time the fallout from the dotcom crash was still evident and like today the economic picture was far from rosy. Since few people even knew what a search engine was (Google was relatively new and had only started selling advertising a year before) it wasn’t always easy for us to find a market for our services.
When we visited clients they would list their requirements and we would then tell them how we believed open source search could help (often having to explain the open source movement first). Things are different these days: most of our enquiries come from those who have already chosen open source search software such as Apache Lucene/Solr but need our help in installing, integrating or supporting it. There’s also a rise in those clients considering applications and techniques outside the traditional site search or intranet search – web scraping and crawling for data aggregation, taxonomies and automatic classification, automatic media monitoring and of course massive scalability, distributed processing and Big Data. Even the UK government are using open source search.
So after all this time I’m tending to agree with Roger Magoulas of O’Reilly: open source won, and we made the right choice all those years ago.
We’re happy to announce we’ve just finished a successful project for a division of the Australian Associated Press to replace a closed source search engine with a considerably more powerful open source solution. You can read the press release here.
As our client had a large investment in stored searches (which represent a client’s interests) which were defined in the query language of their previous search engine, we first had to build a modified version of Apache Lucene that replicated exactly this syntax. I’ve previously blogged about how we did this. However this wasn’t the only challenge: search engines are designed to be good at applying a few queries to a very large document collection, not necessarily at applying tens of thousands of stored queries to every single new document. For media monitoring applications this kind of performance is essential as there may be hundreds of thousands of news articles to monitor every day. The system we’ve built is capable of applying tens of thousands of stored queries every second.
With the rapid increase in the volume of content that media monitoring companies have to check for their clients – today’s news isn’t just in print, but online, in social media and indeed multimedia – it may be that open source software is the only way to build monitoring systems that are economically scalable, while remaining accurate and flexible enough to deliver the right results to clients.
We’re very happy to announce we’ve partnered with Sirius Corporation. Sirius are the leading U.K. provider of managed services, support and training for open source software with an impressive and growing list of clients including Canonical, Médecins Sans Frontières and the Met Office. We’ve recently carried out a major project for which Sirius will be providing ongoing support on a 24/7 SLA basis and we’re looking forward to further collaboration with this energetic, highly professional and skilled company.
We’re also happy to announce that Flax and Sirius will be co-hosting a free, half day event on Open Source Enterprise Search on Friday 20th July from 9.30 a.m. Held at the Sirius Corporation offices in Weybridge, Surrey, this will be an opportunity to find out how open source search can directly benefit your business. Whether you need search over documents on an intranet or database, pages on a website or more specialised applications such as media monitoring, taxonomy and classification, open source technologies can offer an economical and highly scalable route to success. The event will feature focussed briefings, networking and discussion with leading experts in the field. It’s completely free to attend and breakfast, refreshments and a riverside barbeque lunch will be provided.
You can register and find out more online.
